Monsters from novels, short stories etc.
Barbariccia --
Brina --
Cagnazzo --
Calca --
Calcabrina --
Coeurl --
Four Emperors --
Lilliput --
Olog-Hai --
Rubicante --
Scarmiglione --
Warg Wolf
Barbariccia, Cagnazzo, Calcabrina, Rubicante and Scarmiglione are demons mentioned in The Divine Comedy, an epic poem by the 14th century Italian poet Dante Alighieri. Dante doesn't go into much detail about the five demons, pretty much giving Square free reign with the characters. However, he mentioned a few specific characteristics which FF4 diverted from: according to him, Barbariccia is male, Calcabrina has wings and Cagnazzo has a snout. Also, aside from perhaps Rubicante, the actual meanings of the demons' names have no connection to the FF4 interpretations: Calcabrina means "he who can walk on brine"; Cagnazzo means "big dog"; Barbariccia means "curly beard", Scarmiglione "snatcher" and Rubicante "he who grows red".
The calcas and brinas are named after halfs of Calcabrina's name as they join together to form Calcabrina. I have a hunch that the "four emperors" are named in reference to the four heavenly kings of Oriental legend (they seem to pop up in Japanese games quite a bit), although this would sort of mess up the Dante theme if it were true.
An alien from A. E. Van Vogt's 1939 short story, The Black Destroyer. Only one coeurl appears in the story, although others are mentioned; the third-person narrative calls the alien simply "Coeurl" (used as a proper name, hence the capitalisation; when used as a name for the entire race, "coeurl" is uncapitalised). Coeurl was an intelligent life form that basically resembled a big cat, but with two large tentacles ending in "fingers" emerging from his shoulders, and hairlike tendrils serving for ears, which could send and recieve radio signals. One character also refers to Coeurl as having large forelegs, but these are not described.
Coeurl's tentacles, as well as standing in for hands, could kill people by removing phospherous from their bones, and destroy metal by disrupting the electronic tension holding it together.
A group of astronauts took Coeurl aboard their ship, but he was able to escape from his cage, kill several crew members and build his own spacecraft. His project ultimitely failed, however, and he killed himself with his tentacle to avoid being executed by the crew. A coeurl also appeared in another of Vogt's stories, The Voyage of the Space Beagle.
The tentacles on Vogt's coeurl were attatched to the shoulders, and the creature was black in colour, hence the title; Square placed the tentacles on the head, causing them to look like large whiskers, and makes the monster's fur a rather fetching blue-green.
In Jonathan Swift's 1726 novel Gulliver's Travels, Lilliput is a country inhabited by six-inch tall people, at war with Blufescu (also populated by midgets) over which end eggs should be broken at. Thanks to heavily abridged children's editions, the voyage to Lilliput is the best known of Gulliver's travels, but in the full novel he visits a number of other countries, including the giant-filled Brobdinag, the flying island Laputa and the land of the Houyhnhnms, talking horses.
FF3's Lilliput is, supposedly, meant to be an inhabitant of Lilliput, although the novel refers to them as "Lilliputians". It doesn't match the book's description (tiny but otherwise ordinary-looking people) at all, but since you encounter them alongside wererats and petits after shrinking to enter the nept dragon's shrine, the name is probably just to keep up the "small monsters" theme.
Two monsters from J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle Earth novels. Olog-hai are a stronger type of troll created by the dark lord Sauron. It's unclear why FF3 portrays them as crabs.
Wargs are talking wolves that are ridden by goblins.
IMAGE: A red wolf
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COEURL

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OLOG-HAI, WARG WOLF

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