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These are the most widely used longarms of the Civil War. The P1853 Enfield 3 band Rifle was imported in large quantities by both the Union and the Confederacy.

The 1842 Percussion Smoothbore .69 cal 'Pumpkin Slinger' was the most widely used weapon on both sides up till late 1863, and continued to be used by the Confederacy until the end of the war.

By 1863, the Springfield 1861 Model Rifle was in full production and became, together with its later model 1863, the most widespread and favoured Infantry rifle of the war.

The Confederate Richmond Model was based on the 1855 US weapon, using captured machinery from Harper's Ferry. It did not use the Maynard Primer of the US weapon, but still carried the 'hump' on the lockplate typical of the Maynard.