Cubism & the Cubist Movement
Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque...
The development of papier colle and collage became, what was called 'Synthetic' Cubism. Braque developed a painting technique with a steal comb called 'faux bois' to be applied on to the colles, to create a wood grain texture. The difference to Analytical Cubism, other than Synthetic being painted on collage is that the painting form is different, Analytic reduced the forms and separated these to become abstract where as Synthetic brought the shapes together and developed objects. Other artists had also become interested in Cubism, Gris had become interested in Cubism in 1911, taking to the same path as Picasso and Braque by, looking at the late work by Cezanne and became a Montmarte Cubist.By 1912 Gris had his first exhibition at Clovis Sagot's gallery and later produced three works for the Salon des Independents. Picasso and Braque never exhibited their early works and, made no attempt at publicizing It. It was not until the Salon des Independents and the Salon d 'Automne were formed that they began to show their work
In Italy Futurism had become popular, though started in 1909, It didn't become a complete art movement until 1911. The futurist's formed by the poet, Filipo Marinetti who brought a group of artist's together, Umberto Boccioni, Gino Severini, Carlo Carra, Giacomo Balla and Luigi Russlo. Their aims were to depict the way of modern life, trains, cars, crowds and speed. The Futurist's were a compact group of artists unlike the Cubist's, split into two. The Futurist's soon turned against the Cubist's for being to preoccupied with there painting and having Insufficient concern for modern life
In Russia their was an urge to create a national art movement, yet Cubism and Futurism influenced several artist's around 1910 including, Natalia Gontchrova and Mikhali Larionov. Rayonism became a spin off from Cubism lead by the artist Kasimir Malevich. Malevich painted the rays of light that bounced off or beamed through objects making a Synthetic style . Other Russian artists to adapt a Cubist style were, Liubov Popova and Nadezhda Udalsova who used a more orthodox style.
In Germany Cubism, was not used to it's full effect but, Expressionists found elements of Cubism to be useful. Lyonel Feininger used geometric shapes to portray landscape and architecture, Franz Marc used cubist elements in his brightly coloured paintings of animals. In Czechoslovakia, a combination of Expressionism and Cubism emerged in the work of Emil Filla who extended the use of the analytical style to three-dimensional forms.
Vortism a short lived art movement, created in England by Wyndham Lewis in 1914, later joined by Edward and William Wadsworth, William Roberts and the sculptor Henri Gaudier-Brzeska. Later English artist's to use a style relative to cubism include David Bomberg, Christopher Nevinson, Jacob Epstein and Ben Nicholson. Max Weber, John Marin, Joseph Stella, Morgan Russell and Stanton Macdonald-Wright created Synchronism in America, Derived from the Orphism works done by Delaunay.