New Age or Contemporary Instrumental Styles
by Linda Kohanov
Solo Instrumental
Solo instrumental recordings launched successful labels like Windham Hill and Narada, ushering in a whole movement oriented toward impressionistic, often folk-inspired originals for piano, guitar, Celtic harp, even hammered dulcimer. Though some of these releases offer innovative, emotionally moving performances, enough second-rate opportunists have jumped on the bandwagon to give the genre its "aural wallpaper" reputation. Still, some fine musicians continue to battle this stigma.
Adult Alternative
This genre attracts a wide cross-section of listeners who are looking for something a little different without straying too far from the mainstream. It's actually hard to say whether new adult contemporary radio formats were created to play this music or whether the music was created for radio airplay. Adult alternative styles — whether acoustic, electronic, or electro-acoustic — are heavily influenced by pop, rock, and jazz fusion elements. (Some albums feature a few vocal selections with lyrics, although the main orientation remains instrumental.) The best artists have a flair for melodic invention, colorful instrumentation, and rhythmic vitality while retaining a strong level of accessibility. At worst, adult alternative releases sound like trite pop songs without words.
Progressive Electronic & Electro-Acoustic
This music thrives in more unfamiliar territory. The styles that emerge are often dictated by the technology itself. Rather than sampling or synthesizing acoustic sounds to electronically replicate them, these composers tend to mutate the original timbres, sometimes to an unrecognizable state. True artists in the genre also create their own sounds (as opposed to using the preset sounds that come with modern synthesizers).
In progressive electro-acoustic music, the electronics play an equal if not greater part in the overall concept. Acoustic instruments performed in real time are usually processed through reverb, harmonizing, etc., which adds an entirely new dimension to the player's technique.
At best, this music opens up new worlds of listening, thinking, and feeling. At worst, progressive electronic artists worship technology for its own sake, relinquishing the heart and soul of true artistic expression.
New Age
Born from an aesthetic that aims to induce a sense of inner calm, new age music emerged from the meditational and holistic fields. Generally, these are harmonious and nonthreatening albums that are allied with new age philosophies encouraging spiritual transcendence and physical healing. Some of these albums are artistically satisfying as well as therapeutic. Lesser musicians, however, often make ridiculous claims in the liner notes as to their ability to catapult listeners into advanced spiritual states through specially designed sonic vibrations and "immaculately conceived" musical ideas.
Ambient
A term popularized by Brian Eno but used here in a broader sense. Ambient composers use echo, electronic reverb, and other spatial techniques as important musical elements in creating atmospheric pieces and sonic environments.
The best artists have developed the ability to manipulate the listener's sense of space and time in highly sophisticated ways. Many ambient recordings involve extended compositions that change subtly in content and timbre over a long period of time. Though some musicians use ambient techniques for their meditative benefits (and can thus be allied with the new age movement), other ambient composers create ethereal, alien environments that are more mysterious and confrontational than comforting.
Neo-classical
Many contemporary instrumentalists are conservatory trained, yet don't subscribe to the modern classical world's emphasis on intellectual, atonal forms of composition. As these artists follow their own vision, however, classical music may continue to be an important inspiration. In the context of CI music, the neoclassical distinction refers to any style influenced by classical music, whether the performer is offering updated arrangements of actual works by an established composer ( Bach, Pachelbel, and Debussy seem to be popular in this respect) or weaving elements from the baroque, classical, romantic, impressionistic, and/or more challenging 20th-century styles into a more original approach.
New-Acoustic
An exhilarating mix of bluegrass and jazz. Folk instruments like the mandolin, fiddle, banjo, and acoustic guitar play lead roles on new-acoustic albums. Virtuosity is the name of the game as the musicians stretch the boundaries of their traditional roles with heated improvisations and complex jazz harmonies.
Ethnic Fusion
One of the major trends among all contemporary instrumental subgenres is the fusion of ethnic instruments, modes, and rhythms with Western styles. The possibilities are as wide-ranging as the world's vast musical cultures.
Techno-Tribal
A more specific variation on the ethnic fusion theme, techno-tribal music is becoming more prominent among progressive electro-acoustic artists who are fascinated by the idea of combining man's most primeval musical expressions with his most technologically advanced inventions. Tribal rhythms and instruments from the aboriginal cultures of Africa, Australia, and North and South America are mixed with sophisticated electronics. Though successful efforts are immensely powerful, it takes great skill and sensitivity to keep the music from sounding like cheap parodies of the cultures from which these artists are borrowing.
Chamber Jazz
This style is distinguished by small, acoustic-based ensembles in which improvisation is a major factor. Though some groups are more jazz-based than others, they all tend to employ neo-classical aesthetics, particularly from the Impressionistic period and later 20th-century movements. Ethnic elements are also an important factor. These world-music leanings, however, are usually oriented toward the classical traditions of other cultures (Indian, Middle Eastern, and Oriental), although South American styles also figure prominently in a lot of these recordings.
Minimalism
One of the main innovations in the contemporary classical field, minimalism has also influenced many CI composers, particularly in progressive electronic styles where sequencers play an important role. Generally this music is characterized by a strong and relentless pulse, the insistent repetition of short melodic fragments, and harmonies that change over long periods of time.
World by decade:
In the Western world, "World music" refers either to music that doesn't fall into the North American and British pop or folk traditions or to hybrids of various indigenous musics. Certain styles — such as Jamaican reggae or Latin pop — grew large enough to be classified as their own genre, but everything else, from traditional Chinese music to African folk, is classified as world music. Worldbeat is something different than world music, since it's usually the result of Western hybrids and fusions, yet it still falls under the world music umbrella because it borrows styles, sounds and instrumentation from various indigineous musics.
Main Types of World
Worldbeat
Master Musicians of Jajouka
Yothu Yindi
David Byrne
Africa
Baaba Maal & Mansour Seck
Fela Kuti
Ali Farka Toure
Celtic/British Isles
Steeleye Span
Shirley Collins
The Corrs
Reggae/Caribbean
Dennis Brown
Jimmy Cliff
Shadow
Central Asia
Hariprasad Chaurasia
Brij Bhushan Kabra
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
Central Europe
Kalman Balogh
Csokolom
Muzsikas
Eastern Europe
Taraf de Haidouks
Flying Bulgar Klezmer Band
Joel Rubin & the Epstein Brothers Orche
Mediterranean
Markos Vamvakaris
Alabína
Cheikha Remitti
Middle East
Frank London's Klezmer Brass Allstars
Muszikas
Ara Topouzian & Dick Barsamian
North America
Paul Tobey
The Flower Kings
Cirque du Soleil
South Pacific
Te Vaka
Keali'i Reichel
Kalama's Quartette
Western Europe
Fernanda Maria
Paco de Lucia
Tomatito
South Asia
Pandit Jasraj
Ravi Shankar
Ali Akbar Khan & L.Subramaniam
Pop/Rock
genre: Rock (metastyle)
Pop/Rock is a catchall phrase, referring to nearly any pop music made after rock & roll was absorbed into the pop mainstream. In general, it is melodic, catchy music that relies equally on tightly constructed songs and well-crafted and produced records. Pop/Rock can refer to anything from the Everly Brothers and the Beatles to Madonna and Crowded House.
List of Pop/Rock styles
Pop Pop/Rock
Girl-Group Bubblegum
Teen Idol Brill Building Pop
Comedy Rock Baroque Pop
Tribute Albums Sunshine Pop
AM Pop Celebrity
Some Important Albums
Badfinger: No Dice [1970]
Elton John: Honky Chateau [1972]
The Rolling Stones: Between the Buttons [UK] [1967]
Paul Anka: 30th Anniversary Collection [1989]
The Kinks: Village Green Preservation Society [1968]
Paul McCartney: All the Best [US] [1987]
The Left Banke: There's Gonna Be a Storm: The Complete Recordings 1966-69 [1992]
List of Key Artists
ABBA The Angels Paul Anka
The Association Burt Bacharach Badfinger
The Beach Boys The Beatles The Bee Gees
Blondie Blur The Box Tops
The Carpenters Cheap Trick Marshall Crenshaw
Crosby, Stills & Nash (And Young) Crowded House Def Leppard
Neil Diamond The Doobie Brothers The Eagles
Electric Light Orchestra Fleetwood Mac Foreigner
The Four Seasons Peter Frampton The Free Design
Genesis Hall & Oates George Harrison
Michael Jackson Billy Joel Elton John
Journey The Kinks The Left Banke
Huey Lewis Love The Lovin' Spoonful
Nick Lowe Madness Madonna
The Mamas & the Papas Paul McCartney Meat Loaf
George Michael Steve Miller The Monkees
Rick Nelson Harry Nilsson 1910 Fruitgum Company
Oasis Roy Orbison The Police
The Pretenders Prince The Rascals
REO Speedwagon The Rolling Stones Todd Rundgren
Boz Scaggs Simon & Garfunkel Carly Simon
Paul Simon Phil Spector Bruce Springsteen
Squeeze Steely Dan Cat Stevens
Rod Stewart Toto The Turtles
The Who XTC
Complete Artist List
Euro-Pop
genre: Rock
The term Euro-Pop came to be associated with a style of pop music that was deliberately lightweight, silly, and slickly produced; true to its name, much (though not quite all) of it originated on the European continent, although there were also occasional British or American acts influenced by the style. ABBA was the definitive Euro-Pop band, crafting effortless, compulsively catchy songs with bouncy dance beats and frothy lyrics. Since the lyrics weren't an important part of appreciating the music, it could easily spread to non-English-speaking countries as well; songs could also be recorded in the native languages of more localized markets without losing lyrical nuance. Although ABBA became worldwide superstars during the '70s, much Euro-Pop remained confined to continental Europe, especially France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden. In the decades that followed, Sweden produced the vast majority of the Euro-Pop acts that made a splash in the English-speaking world, including Army of Lovers and Roxette in the '80s and Ace of Base and Robyn in the '90s. The '90s dance-pop revival spearheaded by groups like Take That, the Spice Girls, and the Backstreet Boys owed a great deal to the sound and style of Euro-Pop, while English-speaking artists who imitated the style for its incessant catchiness often added elements of irony and/or trashy camp.
Related Styles: Dance-Pop Disco Hi-NRG Euro-Dance Club/Dance French Pop Italian Pop Swedish Pop/Rock Teen Pop
Some Important Albums
ABBA: Gold: Greatest Hits [1993]
Modern Talking: Greatest Hits of Modern Talking [1987]
Ace of Base: Bridge [1995]
Ace of Base: Greatest Hits [2000]
ABBA: Super Trouper [1980]
Robyn: Robyn Is Here [1997]
Ace of Base: Sign [1993]
List of Key Artists
ABBA Ace of Base Aqua
Backstreet Boys George Baker Claudja Barry
Mylene Farmer Frida Robyn
Spice Girls Take That Whigfield
Complete Artist List
List of Most Frequently Accessed Artists
ABBA ( 3087) Take That ( 1655) Backstreet Boys ( 1381)
Spice Girls ( 1296) Aqua ( 744) Nek ( 318)
Mylene Farmer ( 252) Mina ( 222) Robyn ( 212)
Frida ( 191) Army of Lovers ( 152) Pooh ( 140)
Agnetha Faltskog ( 134) Modern Talking ( 111) Jean-Jacques Goldman ( 99)
Laura Pausini ( 90) Fabrizio DeAndre ( 83) Cappella ( 80)
George Baker ( 80) Mr. President ( 75) Vanessa-Mae ( 66)
Pur ( 55) Renato Zero ( 52) Worlds Apart ( 50)
Girl Group
genre: Rock
Falling somewhere between traditional pop and R&B, the sound of the Girl Groups was one of the most popular rock & roll genres in the early '60s. Though there were strong elements of rock & roll and R&B in the music, the girl group sound was decidedly more polished than earlier forms of rock & roll. It was driven by producers and songwriters, who helped guided the groups and gave them material to sing. The vocalists had roots in gospel and R&B, while the songwriters and producers were schooled in traditional pop, which resulted in an exciting hybrid. The songs were innocent and yearning, with sweet, catchy melodies and driving backbeats. Though the girl groups faded away in the mid-'60s, they had a profound influence on pop/rock, particularly British Invasion acts like the Beatles.
Related Styles: Soul Pop British Invasion Doo-Wop Motown Brill Building Pop C-86 Indie Pop
Some Important Albums
Helen Shapiro: At Abbey Road [1998]
Little Peggy March: I Will Follow Him [Collectables] [1997]
The Chiffons: One Fine Day [Laurie] [1963]
The Exciters: Tell Him [1995]
Various Artists: Murray the K Presents [1968]
The Chiffons: Best of the Chiffons [Laurie] [1988]
The Shirelles: World's Greatest Girl Group [1995]
List of Key Artists
The Angels Cilla Black The Bobbettes
The Chantels The Chiffons The Cookies
The Crystals The Essex The Exciters
Toni Fisher Lesley Gore Ellie Greenwich
The Jaynetts The Jelly Beans Little Eva
Darlene Love Lulu Little Peggy March
Martha & the Vandellas The Marvelettes Shadow Morton
The Pixies Three The Poni-Tails Diane Renay
Reparata & the Delrons The Ronettes Rosie & the Originals
The Shangri-Las Sandie Shaw The Shirelles
Phil Spector The Supremes The Toys
Twinkle Kathy Young
Complete Artist List
Related Essays
Girl Group by Richie Unterberger
Music Maps
Girl Groupsmap
Early (late '50s) Girl Groups - from: "Girl Groups" map
New York Girl Groups - from: "Girl Groups" map
White Teen Girl Group Singers - from: "Girl Groups" map
British Girl Group Singers - from: "Girl Groups" map
The Girl-Group Sound - from: "Rock -- Roots, The '50s Through Early '60s" map
Girl Groups - from: "Twee-Pop" map
Early Soul and Girl Groups - from: "Doo Wop" map
Singing/Songwriting Girl Group-Style Singers - from: "Girl Groups" map
Motown Girl Groups - from: "Girl Groups" map
Sixties-Era Pop - from: "Shoegazing" map
Early American Rock and Soul - from: "The British Invasion" map
Early American Rock and Soul - from: "Merseybeat" map
List of Most Frequently Accessed Artists
Cher ( 1660) The Supremes ( 1640) Dusty Springfield ( 801)
Marianne Faithfull ( 718) Françoise Hardy ( 496) Lulu ( 435)
Martha & the Vandellas ( 301) Lesley Gore ( 288) Mary Wells ( 285)
The Shangri-Las ( 273) The Shirelles ( 243) The Angels ( 236)
The Crystals ( 227) The Ronettes ( 198) Cilla Black ( 166)
The Marvelettes ( 155) Sandie Shaw ( 135) The Chantels ( 115)
Little Peggy March ( 111) The Chordettes ( 86) The Chiffons ( 86)
Toys ( 85) Helen Shapiro ( 76) Little Eva ( 75)
French Pop
genre: Rock
French pop grew primarily out of the cabarets and music halls of turn-of-the-century Paris, and has of course shifted and evolved with new popular trends over the years. The best French pop usually has an elegant, refined sound, but without coming off as distant or unemotional; in fact, the dominant feeling of each song — romantic longing, nostalgia, sentimentality, eroticism, etc. — is usually played to the hilt, while retaining the music's Continental stylishness. Prior to World War II, French pop was rooted both in cabaret singing and in the sort of traditional orchestral pop common in the U.S. as well. Performers like Maurice Chevalier and the much-beloved Edith Piaf got their start in this format, becoming wildly popular in their home country and achieving recognition across national borders as well. In the mid-'50s, Belgian-born singer/songwriter Jacques Brel brought a new literacy, wit, and social consciousness to French pop, and became a national legend for his edgy takes on post-WWII society; translated versions of his songs occasionally found their way into the hands of English-speaking pop and rock artists (from Scott Walker to Frank Sinatra) as well. Although French pop continued to be dominated by the cabaret tradition, the sound of American and British pop/rock began to creep in during the '60s. Most of the rock & roll rhythms weren't of the hard-driving variety — rather, they drew from more compatible styles like American girl-group pop (especially singer/songwriter Françoise Hardy), pre-British Invasion dance crazes like the Twist, and the orchestrated, groovy, swinging-London sound of British singers like Petula Clark. Actress and international sex symbol Brigitte Bardot launched her singing career in this fashion with the help of songwriter Serge Gainsbourg; as a performer, Gainsbourg quickly became a European superstar in his own right, thanks to the simmering eroticism of his arrangements and rhythm tracks, not to mention the outrageous provocations of his lyrics and album concepts. Rock & roll and club-oriented dance music eventually eroded French pop's hegemony both in France and in other parts of Europe, but classic performers who have managed to stick around can still command sizable audiences.
Related Styles: Mini Jazz Foreign Language Rock International Pop Italian Pop Shibuya-Kei Swedish Pop/Rock French Rock Continental Jazz
Some Important Albums
France Gall: Poupée de Son [1992 Compilation] [1992]
Françoise Hardy: Story 1965-1967 [1989]
Serge Gainsbourg: Histoire de Melody Nelson [1971]
Brigitte Fontaine: Brigitte Fontaine Est... [1970]
Maurice Chevalier: Valentine [Arkadia Chansons] [1997]
Jane Birkin: Je T'Aime Moi Non Plus [1998]
Serge Gainsbourg: Comic Strip [1997]
List of Key Artists
Brigitte Bardot Jane Birkin Georges Brassens
Jacques Brel Maurice Chevalier Brigitte Fontaine
Serge Gainsbourg Johnny Hallyday Françoise Hardy
Claudine Longet Edith Piaf Charles Trenet
Sylvie Vartan
Complete Artist List
List of Most Frequently Accessed Artists
Serge Gainsbourg ( 940) Françoise Hardy ( 496) Michel Sardou ( 354)
Brigitte Bardot ( 281) Jane Birkin ( 270) Johnny Hallyday ( 241)
Manu Chao ( 233) Maurice Chevalier ( 217) Jean-Jacques Goldman ( 99)
France ( 50) Pascal Obispo ( 47) Jean Sablon ( 37)
Cut Killer Show ( 36) Ronnie Bird ( 18) Alibert ( 15)
Dance
genre: Rock (metastyle)
Dance music comes in many different forms, from disco to hip-hop. Though there have been various dance crazes throughout the history of popular music, Dance music became its own genre in the mid-'70s, as soul mutated into disco and whole clubs were devoted to dancing. In the late '70s, dance clubs played disco, but by the end of the decade, disco was mutating into a number of different genres. All of the genres were collected under the catch-all term "dance," though there were distinct differences between dance-pop, hip-hop, house, and techno, among other subgenres. What tied them all together was their emphasis on rhythm — in each dance subgenre, from Disco to House to Rave, the beat is king.
List of Dance styles
Dance-Pop House
Disco Hi-NRG
Acid Jazz Euro-Dance
Club/Dance Rave
Garage/House Freestyle
Latin Dance Teen Pop
Latin Freestyle
Some Important Albums
The Cover Girls: Show Me [1987]
Spice Girls: Spice [1996]
Michael Jackson: Thriller [1982]
Various Artists: Freestyle Greatest Beats: Complete Collection, Vol. 3 [1996]
Mariah Carey: #1's [1998]
Paula Abdul: Greatest Hits [Disky] [2002]
Various Artists: Rebirth of Cool, Vol. 1 [US] [1993]
List of Key Artists
Paula Abdul Ace of Base Backstreet Boys
Basement Jaxx Black Box The Brand New Heavies
C+C Music Factory Mariah Carey Carl Cox
Daft Punk Duran Duran Earth, Wind & Fire
808 State Erasure Fatboy Slim
Happy Mondays Whitney Houston Human League
Janet Jackson Michael Jackson KC & the Sunshine Band
The KLF Frankie Knuckles Madonna
Massive Attack George Michael Milli Vanilli
Kylie Minogue Moby New Kids on the Block
New Order Pet Shop Boys Primal Scream
Prince The Prodigy The Shamen
Soul II Soul Britney Spears Spice Girls
Sylvester Todd Terry Village People
Complete Artist List
Rock by decade:
Rock & Roll is often used as a generic term, but its sound is rarely predictable. From the outset, when the early rockers merged country and blues, rock has been defined by its energy, rebellion and catchy hooks, but as the genre aged, it began to shed those very characteristics, placing equal emphasis on craftmanship and pushing the boundaries of the music. As a result, everything from Chuck Berry's pounding, three-chord rockers and the sweet harmonies of the Beatles to the soulful pleas of Otis Redding and the jarring, atonal white noise of Sonic Youth has been categorized as "rock." That's accurate — rock & roll had a specific sound and image for only a handful of years. For most of its life, rock has been fragmented, spinning off new styles and variations every few years, from Brill Building Pop and heavy metal to dance-pop and grunge. And that's only natural for a genre that began its life as a fusion of styles.
Main Types of Rock
Alternative/Indie-Rock
The Church
The Afghan Whigs
New Order
Art-Rock/Experimental
Queen
Kevin Ayers
Faust
Dance
Michael Jackson
The KLF
Towa Tei
Folk/Country Rock
Buffalo Springfield
Paul Simon
The Byrds
Hard Rock
David Bowie
Motorhead
Whitesnake
Pop/Rock
The Mamas & the Papas
The Beach Boys
The Beatles
Punk/New Wave
Dead Kennedys
Adam & The Ants
The Birthday Party
R&B/Soul
Jerry Butler
Otis Redding
Chris Kenner
Rock & Roll/Roots
The Rolling Stones
Larry Williams
The Kinks
Soft-Rock
Carole King
Linda Ronstadt
Steely Dan
Psychedelic/Garage
The Bee Gees
The Strawberry Alarm Clock
Question Mark & The Mysterians
Europop
Take That
Anouk
Smokie
Foreign Language Rock
Sha' Cho Mouse
We All Together
Dreams Come True
British Invasion
The Zombies
The Beatles
The Shadows
Latin Jazz/World Fusion
genre: Jazz (metastyle)
Of all the post-swing styles, Latin Jazz has been the most consistently popular and it is easy to see why. The emphasis on percussion and Cuban rhythms make the style quite danceable and accessible. Essentially it is a mixture of bop-oriented jazz with Latin percussion. Among the pioneers in mixing together the two styles in the 1940's were the big bands of Dizzy Gillespie and Machito and the music (which has never gone out of style) has remained a viable force through the 1990's, played most notably by the bands of Tito Puente and Poncho Sanchez. The style has not changed much during the past 40 years but it still communicates to today's listeners. Latin Jazz is also sometimes called Afro-Cuban Jazz, a term preferred by Mario Bauza and Ray Barretto.
Latin Jazz and its cousins Afro-Cuban jazz, Brazilian Jazz and New York Salsa are the most familiar and popular jazz styles that borrow heavily from various world music. There, however, are other jazz musicians that take from other styles of World music, and their music is often called World Fusion. — Scott Yanow
List of Latin Jazz/World Fusion styles
World Fusion Latin Jazz
Afro-Cuban Jazz Brazilian Jazz
Cuban Jazz African Jazz
Some Important Albums
Mongo Santamaria: At the Black Hawk [1962]
Rabih Abou-Khalil: Blue Camel [1992]
Dollar Brand: Soweto [1965]
Joe Zawinul: My People [1992]
Charlie Palmieri: Impulsos [1975]
The Blue Notes: Blue Notes for Johnny [1987]
Poncho Sanchez: Papa Gato [1986]
List of Key Artists
Rabih Abou-Khalil Laurindo Almeida Gato Barbieri
Willie Bobo Luiz Bonfá Charlie Byrd
Manu Dibango Dave Douglas Paquito D'Rivera
João Gilberto Dizzy Gillespie Abdullah Ibrahim
Antonio Carlos Jobim Machito Hugh Masekela
Airto Moreira Chico O'Farrill Charlie Palmieri
Eddie Palmieri Tito Puente Dudu Pukwana
Flora Purim Tito Rodriguez Poncho Sanchez
Arturo Sandoval Mongo Santamaria Shakti
Brad Shepik Cal Tjader Chucho Valdés
Paul Winter Joe Zawinul
Complete Artist List
Jazz by decade:
Jazz has been called America's classical music, and for good reason. Along with the blues, its forefather, it is one of the first truly indigenous musics to develop in America, yet its unpredictable, risky ventures into improvisation gave it critical cache with scholars that the blues lacked. At the outset, jazz was dance music, performed by swinging big bands. Soon, the dance elements faded into the background and improvisation became the key element of the music. As the genre evolved, the music split into a number of different styles, from the speedy, hard-hitting rhythms of be-bop and the laid-back, mellow harmonies of cool jazz to the jittery, atonal forays of free jazz and the earthy grooves of soul jazz. What tied it all together was a foundation in the blues, a reliance on group interplay and unpredictable improvisation. Throughout the years, and in all the different styles, those are the qualities that defined jazz.
Main Types of Jazz
Big Band/Swing
Big Bad Voodoo Daddy
Duke Ellington
The Brian Setzer Orchestra
Bop
Sonny Stitt/Bud Powel/J.J. Johnson
Charlie Parker
Bud Powell
Cool
Vince Guaraldi
Paul Desmond
Victor Feldman
Free Jazz
Thomas Chapin Trio plus Brass
Archie Shepp
Albert Ayler
Fusion
George Benson
Miles Davis
Steely Dan
Hard Bop
J.J. Johnson with Kai Winding
Charles Mingus
Jackie McLean
Latin Jazz/World Fusion
Poncho Sanchez
Rabih Abou-Khalil
Laurindo Almeida with Bud Shank
New Orleans/Classic Jazz
Harry Edison
Kid Ory's Creole Jazz Band
Johnny Dodds
Soul Jazz/Groove
Jimmy Smith
Gene Ammons All Stars
Horace Silver
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