GAA - Gaelic Athletic Association

Cumann Lúthchleas Gael

GAA stands for The Gaelic Athletic Association, and is also known as An Cumann Lúthchleas Gael. It's the governing body for Gaelic games...kind of like what FIFA is to soccer!! It is associated with many games, but the two most popular are Hurling and Gaelic Football.

Hurling

Hurling is one of the fastest and most skilful field games in the world. It is an ancient Gaelic sport, played long before the coming of Christianity. The earliest written record of the game is contained in the Brehon Laws of the fifth century. The first great hurling hero was Setanta whose legendary adventures are known to most Irish children. The game was banned by the Statutes of Kilkenny because of its popularity with the Normans.
The 18th century was known as the 'golden age' of hurling. Landlords promoted the game; inter-barony and inter-county games were played. These matches were very well organised; teams lined out in set positions (21 a-side) and the behaviour of each player was controlled by a strict code of honour. Events from 1790 to 1800 caused the gentry to withdraw their support for the game of hurling. This, together with the effects of the Great Famine, severely damaged the development of the game.
A successful revival of hurling commenced in 1884 with the founding of the G.A.A. The Gaelic games are organised on a local level - the parish being the basic unit of organisation. Hence, the national games have become interwined with community spirit and local pride.

Game equipment

The two basic items a player must use in hurling is a hurling stick, simply called a hurley or camán in Irish and a ball called a sliotar.

The HURLEY is made from ash ("saarni" Suomeksi) and varies quite a lot in length and weight, and depends pretty much on the person using it. A quite average size hurley as used by an adult might be 92cm (3 foot) in length. The width of the bass or head of the hurley at its widest point should not be more than 13cm.

Some hurleys have a thin metal band across the head. This is not a requirement but is used to add both stability and strength to the stick. Hurleys also often have "electric tape" on the hand grip areas to aid grip. This tape is often in the team colours.

The SLIOTAR is a small white leather ball as shown. The circumference of the sliotar is normally between 23cm and 25cm and weighs between 100g and 120g. It has a raised edge which is called a rib, the rib is just over 2mm high. The thickness of the leather cover is about 2mm.

The HELMET. Some players choose to wear a helmet during the game. This is optional, it is recommended but it is not compulsory. There are many styles of helmets, some with face guards, some without. There have even been hockey helmets and skate board helmets used as there is no fixed specification for the type of helmet which should be used.

TEAM KIT. Each team must wear their distinctive team kit comprising of jersey, shorts and socks. This is explained more in Team & Field section. Players must also wear studded football boots and some players choose to wear shin guards or hand guards to protect against injury.

Basic Rules

1. A player can run a maximum of four steps with the sliotar (ball) in his/her hand.
2. A player may take as many steps as he/she wishes while carrying the sliotar on the boss of the hurley.
3. A player may take the sliotar into his/her hand up to two times while travelling in possesion.
4. The sliotar may not be thrown; the correct hand-pass technique must be used.
5. The sliotar may not be picked directly from the ground; the roll-lift or the jab-lift must be used.
6. A player who is in possesion may not score with his/her hand.
7. If the sliotar is in flight, a player may score by striking the ball with his/her hand.
8. Three defenders may stand on the goal-line when a penalty is being taken.
9. A free-puc is awarded when a defender strikes the ball over his/her own endline.
10. Three points are equal to one goal.

Gaelic Football

Gaelic Football can be described as a mixture of soccer and rugby, although it predates both of those games. It is a field game which has developed as a distinct game similar to the progression of Australian Rules. Indeed it is thought that Australian Rules evolved from Gaelic Football through the many thousands who were either deported or emigrated to Australia from the middle of the twentieth century. Gaelic Football is played on a pitch approximately 137m long and 82m wide. The goalposts are the same shape as on a rugby pitch, with the crossbar lower than a rugby one and slightly higher than a soccer one.
The ball used in Gaelic Football is round, slightly smaller than a soccer ball. It can be carried in the hand for a distance of four steps and can be kicked or "hand-passed", a striking motion with the hand or fist. After every four steps the ball must be either bounced or "solo-ed", an action of dropping the ball onto the foot and kicking it back into the hand. You may not bounce the ball twice in a row. To score, you put the ball over the crossbar by foot or hand / fist for one point or under the crossbar and into the net by foot or the hand / fist in certain circumstances for a goal, the latter being the equivalent of three points.
Each team consists of fifteen players, lining out as follows: One goalkeeper, three full-backs, three half-backs, two midfielders, three half-forwards and three full-forwards.

Basic Rules

1. Players wear a jersey with their team colours and number on the back. Both teams must have different colour jerseys. The goalkeepers' jerseys must not be similar to the jersey of any other player. Referees normally tog out in black jerseys, socks and togs
2. Goalkeepers may not be physically challenged whilst inside their own small parallelogram, but players may harass them into playing a bad pass, or block an attempted pass.
3. Teams are allowed a maximum of three substitutes in a game. Players may switch positions on the field of play as much as they wish but this is usually on the instructions of team officials.
4. Officials for a game comprise of a referee, two linesmen (to indicate when the ball leaves the field of play at the side and to mark '45'' free kicks and 4 umpires (to signal scores, assist the referee in controlling the games, and to assist linesmen in positioning '45' frees).
5. A goal is signalled by raising a green flag, placed to the left of the goal. A point is signalled by raising a white flag, placed to the right of goal. A '45'/'65' is signalled by the umpire raising his/her outside arm. A 'square ball', when a player scores having arrived in the 'square' prior to receiving the ball, is signalled by pointing at the small parallelogram.

Training