|
Mars - the red planet
Icy blue clouds of Mars...
This aesthetically pleasing image was featured
on SpaceWeather.com on 17 December 2007.
Identifying Craters on Mars...
I must admit, not so long ago I would have thought it unlikely that it would be possible to
image craters on Mars from the U.K. using an amateur telescope, but as these images show,
the dark floors of some large Martian craters can indeed be seen. I have confirmed these
carefully using Google Mars, a shaded Mariner 9 relief map of Mars as shown in Briggs and
Taylor (1982) The Cambridge Photographic Atlas of the Planets, C.U.P., pp164-5 and
19.12.07
The crater floor indicated here is that of:
Gale (172km)
16.11.07
Working from top to bottom, the three
craters identified are:
Huygens (456km)
Schroeter (337km)
Baldet (195km)
Mars in 2007-8 ...
This opposition of Mars was ideally placed for northern hemisphere observers, but the
maximum apparent angular diameter reached only 15.9" at best.
23.4.08
Apparent angular diameter = 6.00"; Phase = 90.4%; altitude = 41 deg.; C.M. long. = 133.8 deg.
Poor seeing. RRGB (R = 20:57UT; G = 21:14UT; B= 21:20UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M CCD; Trutek R,G,B filters, Baader UV/IR rejection filter
12.2.08
R(55%)RGB 18:18 UT
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Dark Mare Acidalium projecting upwards from the white
of the North Polar Cap (bottom of image).
Angular diameter = 10.69"
Phase = 92.8% C.M. longitude = 46.7 deg.
Altitude = 57 deg. Seeing = 7-8/10
10.2.08
R(55%)RGB 21:22 UT
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Dark 'eye' above and left of centre is Solis Lacus.
Angular diameter = 10.89"
Phase = 93.1%
C.M. longitude = 110.0 deg.
Altitude = 62 deg. Seeing = 7-8/10
10.2.08
R(55%)RGB 21:12 UT
C.M. longitude = 107.6 deg.
10.2.08
R(90%)RGB 20:40 UT
C.M. longitude = 99.8 deg.
10.2.08
R(55%)RGB 20:28 UT
C.M. longitude = 96.9 deg.
An interesting comparison below from 9.2.08...
These three images (above) were all taken the same time but processed with different proportions of the
R channel as 'luminance'. The first was R(90%)RGB, second was R(50%)RGB and third RGB. The latter show
blue clouds better, the former show surface detail better.
Below are the separate R, G and B channels respectively:
9.2.08 (R=22:13 UT, G=22:17UT, B=22:20 UT) C.M. longitude = 131.7 deg.
9.2.08
R(90%)RGB 18:37 UT
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Dark 'eye' above and right of centre is Solis Lacus.
Angular diameter = 11.02"
Phase = 93.2%
C.M. longitude = 79.1 deg.
Altitude = 58 deg. Seeing = 5/10
8.2.08
R(90%)RGB 21:59 UT
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Dark 'eye' above and far left of centre is Solis Lacus.
Angular diameter = 11.11"
Phase = 93.4%
C.M. longitude = 137.5 deg.
Altitude = 59 deg. Seeing = 4-5/10
The 81 minute long sequence of images of 19th December 2007 show the steady rotation
from right to left (west to east) of the planet as the famous 'African' shaped Syrtis Major
rotates progressively into view.
19.12.07
R(60%)RGB (R=23:57UT G=00:01UT B=00:03UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Syrtis Major 'V' shape nicely displayed.
Morning blue cloud over Hellespontus.
Angular diameter = 15.88"
Phase = 99.8%
C.M. longitude = 262.4 deg.
Altitude = 64 deg.
Seeing = 7/10
19.12.07
R(95%)RGB (R=23:43UT G=23:46UT B=23:49UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Syrtis Major 'V' shape nicely displayed.
Angular diameter = 15.88"
Phase = 99.8%
C.M. longitude = 259.0 deg.
Altitude = 63 deg.
Seeing = 6-7/10
19.12.07
R(95%)RGB (R=23:28UT G=23:32UT B=23:34UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Syrtis Major 'V' shape nicely displayed.
Angular diameter = 15.88"
Phase = 99.8%
C.M. longitude = 255.3 deg.
Altitude = 62 deg.
Seeing = 5-6/10
19.12.07
R(95%)RGB (R=23:00UT G=22:52UT B=22:55UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Syrtis Major 'V' shape rotated fully into view.
Angular diameter = 15.88"
Phase = 99.8%
C.M. longitude = 248.5 deg.
Altitude = 59 deg.
Seeing = 6-7/10
19.12.07
R(60%)RGB (R=22:45UT G=22:39UT B=22:42UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Syrtis Major 'V' shape fully rotated into view.
Angular diameter = 15.88"
Phase = 99.8%
C.M. longitude = 244.8 deg.
Altitude = 58 deg.
Seeing = 6-7/10
19.12.07
R(95%)RGB (R=22:36UT G=22:39UT B=22:42UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Syrtis Major 'V' shape just rotated fully into view.
Angular diameter = 15.88"
Phase = 99.8%
C.M. longitude = 242.6 deg.
Altitude = 57 deg.
Seeing = 5-6/10
The night of 12th-13th December 2007 showed progressively better seeing, culminating
in a very rare by U.K. standards 9/10 by 2 a.m.. The temperature (as on 19th) dropped
well below zero and my finger stuck to the frosted C14 tube!
12.12.07
R(95%)RGB (R=23:11UT G=23:15UT B=23:17UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
To the right of centre is Sinus Meridiani and to the left
Syrtis Major. Blue clouds to left (over Mare Tyrrhenum);
and to the right (between Mare Serpentis and
Hellespontus).
Angular diameter = 15.78"
Phase = 99.2%
C.M. longitude = 312.7 deg.
Altitude = 63 deg. ; Seeing = 4-5/10
The pair of images above are a repeat of the previous one, but with R(60%)RGB and pure RGB combinations
respectively. Notice how the clouds appear progressively more conspicuous as the image becomes more
pure RGB.
Below are the separate R, G and B filtered images:
13.12.07
R(95%)RGB (R=00:21UT G=00:26UT B=00:29UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
To the right of centre is Sinus Meridiani and to the left
Syrtis Major.
Angular diameter = 15.78"
Phase = 99.2%
C.M. longitude = 329.7 deg.
Altitude = 62 deg. ; Seeing =4/10
13.12.07
R(95%)RGB (R=01:08UT G=01:13UT B=01:05UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Close to centre of disk is Sinus Meridiani.
In addition to the extensive white and blue clouds of the
North Polar Hood at the bottom of the image other blue
clouds abound. Notably over Syrtis Major to the extreme
left (east), towards the south pole (top) and Mare
Erythraeum (right limb).
Angular diameter = 15.78"; Phase = 99.2%
C.M. longitude = 341.2 deg.; Altitude = 64 deg.;
Seeing =5-6/10
The pair of images above are a repeat of the previous one, but with R(60%)RGB and pure RGB combinations
respectively. Notice how the clouds appear progressively more conspicuous as the image becomes more
pure RGB.
13.12.07
R(95%)RGB (R=01:37UT G=01:31UT B=01:34UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Close to centre of disk is Sinus Meridiani.
In addition to the extensive white and blue clouds of the
North Polar Hood at the bottom of the image other blue
clouds abound. Notably over Syrtis Major to the extreme
left (east), towards the south pole (top) and Mare
Erythraeum (right limb).
Angular diameter = 15.79"
Phase = 99.2%
C.M. longitude = 348.3 deg.
Altitude = 63 deg. ; Seeing = 7/10
This is a repeat of the above but just a pure RGB stack to
show the clouds more dramatically.
Below are the separate R, G and B filtered images:
13.12.07
RRGB (R=01:42UT G=01:46UT B=01:49UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
In addition to the extensive white and blue clouds of the
North Polar Hood at the bottom of the image other blue
clouds abound. Notably over Syrtis Major to the extreme
left (east), towards the south pole (top) and Mare
Erythraeum (right limb).
Angular diameter = 15.79"; Phase = 99.2%
C.M. longitude = 349.5 deg.; Altitude = 63 deg.; Seeing = 8/10
The pair of images above are a repeat of the previous one, but with R(60%)RGB and pure RGB combinations
respectively. Notice how the clouds appear progressively more conspicuous as the image becomes more pure RGB.
13.12.07
RRGB (R=01:52UT G=01:46UT B=01:49UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
In addition to the extensive white and blue clouds of the
North Polar Hood at the bottom of the image other blue
clouds abound. Notably over Syrtis Major to the extreme
left (east), towards the south pole (top) and Mare
Erythraeum (right limb).
Angular diameter = 15.79"; Phase = 99.2%
C.M. longitude = 351.9 deg.; Altitude = 63 deg.; Seeing = 9/10
Below are the separate R, G and B filtered images:
Below is an inverted and enhanced version of the RRGB image:
29.11.07
R(65%)RGB (R=00:05UT G=23:58UT B=00:13UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Solis Lacus is dark spot above centre
with Valles Marineris just below it.
Angular diameter = 14.91"
Phase = 96.6%
C.M. longitude = 90.0 deg.
Altitude = 53 deg.
Seeing = 4/10
C14 @ F44, SKYnyx 2-0M camera, Trutek RGB filters and Baader UV/IR rejection filter.
Notice the white blob detatched from the main North Polar Hood (NPH) that shows
up best in the G and B filtered images above. (The NPH is the white area at the bottom.)
R(100%)RGB
16.11.07 05:05 UT
Syrtis Major and Hellas are shown well as is
the blue north polar hood (NPH). A few of the
small dark spots can be identified in Google Mars
as dark floored craters.
Angular diameter = 13.68"
Phase = 93.6%
C.M. longitude = 280.4 deg.
Altitude = 56 deg.; Seeing = 6/10
C14 @ F44, SKYnyx 2-0M camera, Trutek RGB filters and Baader UV/IR rejection filter.
4.11.07 05:54 UT
'Spidery' Aurorae Sinus is shown well with
Nilokeras jutting out from the blue NPH.
The dark spot towards the right, just above
centre is Solis Lacus with Valles Marineris
looking like the Greek letter Lambda below.
Angular diameter = 12.48"; Phase = 91.1%
C.M. longitude = 42.5 deg.; Alt. = 55 deg.; Seeing = 6/10
C14 @ F44, SKYnyx 2-0M camera, Trutek RGB filters and Baader UV/IR rejection filter.
3.11.07
RRGB (R=02:35UT G=02:38UT B=02:41UT)
C14 @ F44; SKYnyx 2-0M; Trutek RGB; Baader UV/IR rejection.
Sinus Meridiani in the centre with Mare
Acidalium largely shrouded in the blue
clouds of the NPH. Chryse bright.
Angular diameter = 12.36"; Phase = 90.9%
C.M. longitude = 3.3 deg.; Alt. = 57 deg.; Seeing = 3-5/10
C14 @ F44, SKYnyx 2-0M camera, Trutek RGB filters and Baader UV/IR rejection filter.
Below are the separate R, G and B filtered images, rotated through 90 degrees to bring more attention
to the brightening of Chryse - a dust storm, I believe. 
 ..here is an image 8 minutes earlier: R=02:27UT G=02:29UT B=02:32UT.
21.10.07
Mare Sirenum is the dark arc extending across much of the upper portion of this pair of images.
The right hand image best shows the indistinct dark spot just below centre of Olympus Mons.
Above this is another pair of dark spots, just below Mare Sirenum. The lower of the two is
Arsia Mons, another giant Martian volcano. Extending diagonally down towards the left from
Arsia Mons there is just a faint hint of Pavonis Mons and Ascraeus Mons.
Angular diameter = 11.18"; Phase = 88.8%; Altitude = 50 deg.; Seeing = 6/10.
Left image: C.M. longitude = 118.9 deg.; Right image: C.M. longitude = 124.2 deg.
C14 @ F44, SKYnyx 2-0M camera, Trutek RGB filters and Baader UV/IR rejection filter.
 02:12 UT  02:34 UT
The above pair of images 22 mins apart show a slight rotation and so by
crossing your eyes and merging the images about 0.5m from the monitor
you can achieve a 3D effect!
5.10.07
Syrtis Major rotates towards the terminator, Hellas remains bright, Sinus Meridiani
just beginning to rotate into view and some dark detail seen beneath the icy blue
clouds of the North Polar Hood.
Angular diameter = 9.97"; seeing = 5-6/10; C14 @ F28; SKYnyx 2-0M camera.
04:33 UT
Left to right: RRGB, RGB, R, G, B filters.
 04:52 UT
16.9.07
The dark spot of Solis Lacus, just left of and above centre, is followed beneath by the
somewhat blurred dark spots of the calderas of the volcanoes Ascraeus, Pavonis and
Arsia Mons and the more distinct and solitary spot of Olympus Mons.
Angular diameter = 8.84"; seeing = 4/10; C11 @ F40; Lu075M camera.
 03:05 UT
Left to right: B, G, R, RRGB filters.
13.9.07
The dark horizontal band of Mare Sirenum dominates the upper portion of the image,
whilst at the terminator are the indistinct dark spots of the calderas of the volcanoes
Ascraeus, Pavonis and Arsia Mons, with Olympus Mons left of and below centre.
Angular diameter = 8.69"; seeing = 7-8/10; C11 @ F40; Lu075M camera.
 02:53 UT
2.9.07
The familiar 'V' of Syrtis Major is near the centre in this image, with Hellas very bright
towards upper right.
Angular diameter = 8.19"; seeing 5-6/10; C11 @ F40; Lu075M camera.
05:02 UT
25.8.07
The albedo features of Mars were just beginning to become more
apparent as the recent major global dust storm started to subside.
Angular diameter = 7.87"; Seeing: 4/10; C11 @ F40; Lu075M CCD,
Baader UV/IR blocker filter and True Technology RGB.
 03:21 UT 04:15 UT
Mars in 2005-6 ...
Although this opposition of Mars was not as close to Earth as the famous 2003 opposition,
Mars was much better placed for northern hemisphere observers, gaining a much greater
altitude in our skies.
The Martain southern hemisphere was enjoying its summer season, so the southern
polar ice cap (top of images) was small. In the northern hemisphere the blue haze of the
polar hood became a significant feature as winter set in there.
24.1.06
Mars had an angular diameter of only 9.43" and phase 89.6%.
Lu075M CCD on 30cm Meade LX200 @ F44 with Trutek RRGB
filters and Baader UV/IR blocker.
20.19 UTC 20.40 UTC 21.23 UTC
Detail much harder to see now as Mars retreats. Dark central 'blob' is Solis Lacus.
14.1.06
Mars had an angular diameter of 10.41" and phase 90.2%.
Lu075M CCD @ F41 on 30cm Meade LX200 with Trutek RRGB
filters. Seeing mediocre.
 21:09 UTC
Dominant feature is Mare Cimmerium.
23.12.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 13.22" and phase 92.9%.
Lu075M CCD @ F44 on 30cm Meade LX200 with Trutek
RRGB filters.
19:53 UTC
The dark feature to the left of centre is Sinus Meridiani.
Shrouded in blue clouds is Mare Acidalium.
19.12.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 13.81" and phase 93.5%.
Lu075M CCD @ F44 on 30cm Meade LX200 with Trutek RRGB
filters.
22:37 UTC 
Dark central 'blob' is Solis Lacus. The dark feature to the left of it is
the famous Valles Marineris, a canyon 4000km long! Notice the tiny
South Polar cap near the top and the blue icey north polar hood.
17.12.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 14.13" and phase 93.9%.
Lu075M CCD @ F41 on 30cm Meade LX200 with Trutek
RRGB filters.
21:28 UTC 21:46 UTC
Dark central 'blob' is Solis Lacus. The dark feature to the left of it is
Valles Marineris.
6.11.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 19.94" and phase 100%.
Lu075M CCD @ F46 on 30cm Meade LX200 with Trutek RRGB
filters. This camera was faulty and so the image quality is
poorer than it would have been!
23:29 UTC
The bright circular spot: Olympus Mons volcano.
Other bright, yellowish clouds beneath Olympus Mons are dust storms.
Dark feature just below centre and towards the left is Mare Sirenum.
19.11.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 18.62" and phase 99%.
ATK-1HS CCD on 30cm Meade LX200 @ F38 RGB filters.
21:53 UTC
23.10.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 19.99" and phase 98.5%.
Seeing fair. Transparency mediocre to quite poor.
ATK-1HS CCD on 30cm Meade LX200 @ F41.
 03:23 UTC
Notice the dust cloud on the right edge of the disk in Argyre.
Syrtis Major near left edge.
17.10.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 19.60" and phase 97.3%.
Seeing Pickering 5-6. Transparency deteriorating as fog
rolled in. ATK-1HS CCD on 30cm Meade LX200 @ F41.
03:54 UTC
Mare Acidalium buried beneath blue polar hood at bottom of image.
Solis Lacus towards right edge with Valles Marineris canyon system
beneath it. Sinus Meridiani is a quite large, almost circular dark area
towards the left edge.
5.10.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 18.32" and phase 94.3%.
Seeing Pickering 3 (poor). Optics partly dewed up!
ATK-1HS CCD on 30cm Meade LX200 @ F41.
00:26 UTC
Solis Lacus near centre, with Valles Marineris canyon system
beneath it.
21.9.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 16.55" and phase 90.8%.
Seeing Pickering 5-6. Transparency reduced by some mist.
ATK-1HS CCD on 30cm Meade LX200 @ F41.
 03:11 UTC
Large, famous 'V' shaped region Syrtis Major nicely on display, with the
Hellas basin above it.
13.9.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 15.54" and phase 89.1%.
Seeing Pickering 4. Transparency fair, limiting mag. 5.5 or worse.
ATK-1HS CCD on 30cm Meade LX200 @ F41.
03:17 UTC
Syrtis Major just rotated off left edge, with Sinus Sabaeus cross the centre and
Sinus Meridiani 'attached' to its right-hand end.
9.9.05
Mars had an angular diameter of 15.06" and phase 88.3%.
Seeing Pickering 6 and better. Transparency fair, limiting mag. 5.5 or better.
ATK-1HS CCD on 30cm Meade LX200 @ F41.
Mars in 3-D...!
The above pair of images were taken 48 minutes apart on 9th September 2005.
By crossing your eyes at a typical distance of 1 metre from the monitor you can
cause the images to merge and hey presto, you have a 3-D view! Mars rotates
on its axis every 24hrs 37mins - very similar to Earth, so in 48 minutes it
shows a noticeable rotation.
Solis Lacus rotating into view around the right edge with Valles Marineris canyon system beneath it
in the shape of the Greek letter Lambda!
17.8.05
Phase 85%, apparent angular diameter only 12".6!
Seeing very good for once!(Pickering 7-8.) Notice the rapidly dwindling
South polar ice cap near the top and the dark 'V' shaped Syrtis Major
rotating into view.
30cm Meade LX200 SCT @ F24; SXV-H9 CCD
The 04:11 image was a RRGB stack, with 64 x 0.18s exposures through a Red
filter and approximately 10 x 0.30s through Green and Blue filters.
Mars in 2003 ...
In 2003, Mars made its closest approach to earth since 57,000BC. Although it was
very low in the sky as seen from England, use of multiple exposures with CCD enabled
some images to be obtained.
3-D
The above pair of images were taken 29 minutes apart at 23:58 and 00:27 on the night
of 29-30th August 2003. By crossing your eyes at a typical distance of 60cm from the
monitor you can cause the images to merge and hey presto, you have a 3-D view!
29.8.04
Here are some scans from my log book showing a few drawings I
made using my 49cm F4.6 Newtonian reflector:-
24.3.97
7.4.97
|