Much of this subject you already know, and I apologize if it boars you, but it is the most essential thing you should learn before attempting to turn anything.
Remember to wear the correct dress, loose long sleeved clothing is defiantly out, the idea turning jacket is short sleeved, no pockets in the front but at least two in the back. A collar which has a Velcro fastener to stop the chipping reaching your skin, and must fit comfortably down to your thighs. Rings, Watches, Neck chains should be removed before entering the workshop, these items can cause serious injury and possibly death. So be warned.
Fingernails should be kept short for two reasons. One if the nail should catch in a chuck, it would be on your finger for long. Two, it is easy to scratch your finished masterpiece and ruin many hours of work. Not to mention that polish, lacquers and dust have a way of diving under the fingernails just to annoy you.Hair if long should be tied up in some way or tucked under a tight fitting hat. Ladies you could wear the old fashioned hair net, anything to stop those golden locks from entering the machinery, but do not tie with a scarf or any thing which might come loose with out you knowing it.
Machinery.
Much of the machinery in the modern workshop consists of rotating spindles on which ether you place your wood (Lathe), or such a circular saw you push the timber against the rotation of the blade. Both of these actions will if wrongfully used cause serous injury. If you don't know how to use a machine do not touch it. Learning the manual does not make you an expert, just an well informed learner. Find someone whom is willing to help you learn the correct method and operation of the machine. Join a club, you can yet the information of your local club by joining the AAW or the national woodturners association in the country where you live. Take lessons from a teacher, or a turning professional. I have too many friends with missing fingers, and I don't want to add you to my list. When you ask them why they did it, the reply "I thought I could get away with it" seems a little stupid.
You MUST respect the machine, as it has no respect for you. Band saws seem tame enough, but more accidents occur on them than other machine. Machines have powerful motors, and you are advised to remember that your body is a lot softer than steel blades spinning at high speed.
Before you start your lathe you should always check for loose items. i.e. tool rests, chucks, tailstocks, face plates and any tools laying on the lathe. (They should never be there at all.)
Rotate the timber you are about to turn two or three times, to check the clearance between the tool rest and the work piece. Check the tailstock is tight.
Make sure the floor is clear of odd items which might cause you to stumble or slip into the lathe. Just as the lathe needs its feet firmly on the ground , So Do You. Check the speed of your lathe. If you have to slow it down remove the power supply, and manually reposition the belt to the slowest setting.
Start you lathe with your body to one side of the timber you are turning, incase of bark, loose timber or even water hitting you before you are sure that it is safe to start work.
Dust
Dust can also be a killer, perhaps not as fast but just as deadly as the machine which helps to produce it. Sanding is the biggest problem, but turning dry timber also throws a fine dust into the air which you breath. There are several methods of removing dust from the air available, unfortunately non of them are very cheap, and some are better than others. The first method is to filter the air just around your face, which is fine if you intend to mask up as soon as you start work, and keep the mask operational until you leave the shop. The second method is to extract the dust from the air with a filtration unit. The final method is to remove the dust at its source i.e. the lathe, saw, planer etc. Any of these methods are good but all should be combine with a second method to gain the greatest benefit.
Shop
A neat workshop is not only a pleasure to work, in but also contributes to the safety aspect and the functionality. If you have a band saw which you leave pieces of timber, steel squares, and other equipment laying on the table surface, you are asking for trouble. For eventually something will get knocked into the path of the saw blade with deadly consequences.
Lathe tools should be in a rack, within arms reach of the work position. Preferably one which is on some sort wheels, or caster's to enable it to be moved for out board turning and to the grinder for the sharpening. This is only feasible if the floor is kept clean and free of off cuts of timber and shavings. Off cuts on the floor can be very dangerous to only you or the people working in the area. Toss them into a wooden box out of the way.
Clean shops invariably produce clean neat work, and a safer environment for all concerned. Make a point of putting tools away. Put up a notice to remind yourself and others to do likewise.
Tools
The most important thing about any tools is to keep the sharp and clean. A clean tool will handle better and slide across the tool rest without the friction of rust holding it back, making for smoother finishing cuts. It goes without saying that a sharp tool will not only cut better but is far safer than a dull one, less risk off catching, tear out's and damage to yourself and the item you have created.
Its a good practice to clean and sharpen all the tools you have used during your days turning, making sure that all sharp tools are laid or held in a rack where the cutting surface is unable to rub against anything which might dull the sharpened edge. 3 in 1 oil or WD40 applied on a cloth, I keep mine in a jar beside my sharpening station (grinder, oil stone, diamond files). If you keep you shop neat and tidy your work will follow suit.